The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) allocated $711.8 billion in grants for infrastructure projects across more than 100 programs, with 74% of the funds directed to the Department of Transportation. Of the $580.6 billion available through FY 2025, federal agencies had obligated 47% and spent 21% by the end of 2024, according to a US Government Accountability Office (GAO) report. Some funds remain unavailable until FY 2026. In early 2025, President Trump issued executive orders pausing disbursements that conflicted with new administration policies and ordered a review of grant programs to reduce spending and improve efficiency. GAO also noted that public reporting on program performance remains limited, though some agencies plan to improve transparency. They write:
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act made $711.8 billion available for grants to Tribes, states, localities, and territories. The grants are intended to support transportation, clean energy and power, broadband, and other infrastructure projects. Fifteen federal agencies reported they got funds to award to Tribes, states, localities, and territories. The Department of Transportation got 74% of these funds.
Agencies can’t use some of the grant funds until FY 2026. Of the funds that they can use before then, agencies have made plans to spend (i.e., “obligated”) almost half and have spent about 20% of the funds, as of December 31, 2024.
Fifteen federal agencies reported that in total they were appropriated approximately $711.8 billion in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding available to award as grants to Tribes, states, localities, and territories across over 100 programs. The Department of Transportation was appropriated 74 percent of the available funds for these recipients.
Of the $711.8 billion in potential IIJA funds for grants identified, $580.6 billion (82 percent) became available to the 15 agencies to obligate toward infrastructure projects between fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2025. The remaining $131.2 billion (18 percent) will become available for obligation in fiscal year 2026. The obligation deadline for these funds varies depending on the program receiving funds
According to data obtained from USAspending.gov, as of December 31, 2024, agencies reported obligating $275.1 billion (47 percent) and outlaying $119.4 billion (21 percent) of the $580.6 billion available between fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2025. These obligations and outlays represent 39 and 17 percent, respectively, of the $711.8 billion in IIJA funds identified as available to these recipients.
On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order “Unleashing American Energy,” which directs agencies to pause disbursement of IIJA funds and review the processes, policies, and programs for issuing grants for the corresponding programs. On January 21, 2025, the Office of Management and Budget issued a memorandum clarifying that the pause on IIJA funds disbursement applies only to funds supporting programs, projects, or activities that contravene administration policies outlined in the executive order. Additionally, on February 26, 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing agencies to review certain grant programs in order to reduce spending and promote efficiency.
The extent of public reporting on performance measures and results for IIJA programs varied by agency as of January 2025. Some agencies told GAO that they plan to report more performance information about their IIJA programs in the future.
Read the full report here.
